Where are particles captured?
There are three main filtration principles – each trapping particles in a different way:
1. Surface filtration
Particles larger than the pore openings are held on the surface, forming a filter cake that often becomes the main filtration layer.
- Depth filtration
Particles are captured throughout the thickness of the media as fluid moves through complex pathways, using mechanisms like straining, interception, inertia, diffusion, and adhesion.
- Membrane (cross-flow) filtration
Particles are retained at or near the membrane surface, where fouling layers can develop and restrict flow. A rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) is a key sign of this.
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